IDM Boiler Functions And Main Components
The function of boilers and their main components should be worth knowing, especially for those who are working in factories that use this tool. Basically, industrial equipment is indeed endless to be discussed, after in the previous article we have reviewed various kinds of industrial tools such as pumps, evaporators, desalter, condensers and so on. In this article we will discuss the boiler because this tool is one of the tools commonly used in oil refineries and in other factories. Of course you have all heard the name of this tool, but you may not understand what is meant by a boiler, the function of a boiler and its main components. To understand this, please read the review below.
Parts of the Boiler and their Functions
1. Furnace Furnace (Furnace)
This part is the place where burning of fuel will be a source of heat, the process of receiving heat by water media is done through pipes that have been drained of water, the pipe is attached to the wall of the furnace. The process of transferring heat to the furnace occurs in three ways:
- Radiation heat transfer, where there will be a radiant heat from a fire or gas that will stick to the tube wall so that the heat will be absorbed by the fluid flowing in it.
- Conduction heat transfer, heat flows through the conduit from the side of the pipe that receives heat into the side of the pipe which gives heat to the water.
- Convection heat transfer. heat that occurs with the contact of water molecules so that heat will spread to every stream of water.
2. Steam Drum
Steam drum serves as a hot water reservoir and where the vapor is formed. This drum accommodates saturated steam and water with a ratio of 50% water and 50% vapor. to prevent the water from being vaporized, it will be fitted with bumps, the low temperature water will fall down and the high temperature water will rise and then evaporate.
3. Superheater
It is a steam drying place, because the steam from the steam drum is still wet so it cannot be used. The advanced heating process uses a pipe superheater which is heated at a temperature of 260 ° C to 350 ° C. With this temperature, steam will dry out and can be used to drive turbines or for other equipment.
4. Air Heater
This component is a tool that serves to heat the air used to blow / blow the fuel to burn perfectly. The air that will be exhaled, before passing through the water heater has the same temperature as normal air temperature (outside temperature) of 38 ° C. However, once through the water heater, the air temperature will increase to 230 ° C so it can be used to eliminate the water content contained therein because the water vapor can interfere with the combustion process.
5. Dust Collector
This section serves to capture or collect the ashes that are in the combustion flows up to the dissolved dust in exhaust gas. The advantage of using this tool is the combustion gases released into the air free of dust. The reason is none other than the dust can pollute the air in the surrounding environment, and aims to reduce the possibility of damage to the tool due to the friction of ash and sand.
6. Used Gas Disposal Regulator
Smoke from the combustion chamber sucked by an IDF (Induced Draft Fan) blower through a dust collector will then be discharged through the chimney. The smoke gas regulator is arranged in advance as needed before the IDF is turned on, because the bigger the damper is opened, the greater the suction that will occur from inside the furnace.
7. Safety Valve
This tool serves to dispose of steam when the vapor pressure has exceeded a predetermined limit. This valve consists of two types, namely wet steam safety valve and dry steam safety valve. This safety valve can be adjusted according to the maximum specified aspect. In wet steam it is usually set at a pressure of 21 kg per cm squared, while for a dry steam safety valve it is set at a pressure of 20.5 kg per cm squared.
8. Glass Estimator (Sight Glass)
The estimator glass is mounted on the upper drum which functions to determine the height of the water inside the drum. The aim is to facilitate the control of the water level in the kettle as long as the boiler is operating. These estimator glasses must be washed periodically to avoid clogging which makes the water level unreadable.
9. Disposal of Water Kettles
This boiler component serves to remove water in the upper drum. Disposal of water is carried out if there are substances that cannot be dissolved, a simple example is the emergence of foam which can interfere with the observation of the glass estimator. To remove water from the drum, a blowdown valve is installed on the top drum, this valve works when the amount of foam has exceeded a predetermined limit.
Also Read: Types of Boilers Based on How They Work
